Real Competency is one of the four competencies that are discussed in Criminal law, that is, if someone commits crimes against the real and vital interests of the country outside the country, he /she is under real Competency. It is an emerging issue and has no precedent in Islam. Jurists have not discussed it in jurisprudence books, but in the verses of the Qur'an and the way of the wise and the Shari'a, there are cases that justifying the real Competency. This research aims to answer these questions: Is it possible to infer the legitimacy of real competence from verbal evidence such as books and traditions? Can the ruler of Sharia, based on the interests of Islam, establish laws for crimes committed by foreigners abroad? The current research is done in a descriptive-analytical way, and the opinion is that the exercise of real Competency is not only not prohibited from the point of view of Sharia, but it is emphasized and approved by the Holy Sharia of Islam, and Muslims are obligated according to their religious duties against any actions that cause the foundation of Islamic sovereignty to be shaken and harm the supreme and vital interests of the country to fight, which is one of those crimes under real Competency that endangers the foundation and reality of a country.

Introduction: Nursing managers play a key role in healthcare organizations. The effective execution of nursing managers' roles is influenced by various factors, including managerial competence. In today's complex organizations, determining the level of competence of head nurses is essential for improving their performance. Methods: This research was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 150 head nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences participated in the study in 2024, utilizing a census sampling method. The data collection tools included a demographic information form and the nursing managerial competence assessment questionnaire developed by Moghadam et al. (2019). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, applying both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the participants in the research was )42.53±5.24( years. The average managerial competence of head nurses was reported at a high level (330.05±37.04) through self-evaluation. Among them, the organizational domain had the highest average (4.36) and the problem-solving domain (4.11) had the lowest average. There was a statistically significant relationship between the managerial competence of supervisors and passing the management course (p=0.042). Conclusion: Head nurses in the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences exhibit a high level of managerial competencies. The results indicate that participation in managerial training programs positively impacts the enhancement of managerial competencies among head nurses, particularly in the organizing domain. The role of managers is significantly important among the various factors contributing to organizational success. To develop an effective and efficient management system, it is essential to have competent and capable managers. Understanding the strengths and weaknesses in each dimension of managerial competence can empower head nurses to strengthen their capabilities, address weaknesses, and ultimately improve the quality of nursing services.

Legal systems to overcome the problem of attributing Criminal responsibility to persons have already tested various solutions for including Criminal responsibility of superiors and employers, Criminal responsibility based on the theory Thoughtful Brain, Criminal responsibility based on the idea of collective blame, Criminal responsibility arising from the theory of power and acceptance. These models, have a common position on the transfer of fault from a person or special persons to a legal person. The Criminal liability of an organization is based on the fault of legal person’ s structure, in other words, the entity’ s policy of crime production, and not a certain Individual. The Iranian penal system Under Article 143 of the Islamic Penal Code has shown a tendency to derivative responsibility based on the legal representation theory. With this in mind, the fundamental question is: how this model of responsibility can be adjusted to the realities of corporate crimes on the ground. This research seeks to examine the flaws and limitations of the Criminal model used in the Iranian Penal Code and to propose a solution for strengthening the present model.

Background: Understanding the way nurses' informatics competencies affect their mastery of professional competencies can help with providing high quality care and design contents for continuing nursing education. This study aimed to determine the association between nurses' informatics and their clinical competencies. Materials & Methods: A total of 150 nurses who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this descriptive study from three general public hospitals in Rafsanjan, Iran, using stratified random sampling method. Self-reporting data collection was performed applying three questionnaires of (1) personal and job characteristics, (2) the Self-Assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies Scale (SANIC), and (3) the Competency Inventory for Registered Nurses (CIRN). Data were analyzed using SPSS 22. 0 and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and linear regression statistical tests. Results: Female nurses had higher CIRN scores than male ones (p = 0. 027). The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a moderate significant positive association between SANIC and CIRN scores (r = 0. 341, p = 0. 001). Furthermore, results of the linear regression analysis showed that about 11% of the CIRN score was associated to the SANIC score (P = 0. 001). After adjustment based on gender (p = 0. 060) and education (p = 0. 064), the correlation was not significant. Conclusion: Given the effect of gender and level of education, there was no significant association between Nursing Informatics Competencies and nurses’,Competency. The level of application of informatics in nursing should be reviewed contextually.

Introduction: Nowadays, intense competition and technology changes make an increasing pressure to organizations and their various ways for increasing manpower productivity. Human resources are expected at this time to have greater impact on their products and services. This is the exact thing that caused Competency to become an important factor in competitive environment. Competency term is used for describing the complex of behaviors that reflect the single composition of knowledge, skills, abilities and motives that are related to organizational role. The goal of this review article was a comprehensive introduction of Competency and its application in designing training programs.Conclusion: The advantage of using Competency for designing training programs in one aspect is the exact diagnosis of educational needs and increasing the efficiency of education and on the other aspect is applicability of learning and avoiding from just knowledge transferring.

The Rohingya people are the native inhabitants of Arakan (Rakhine) land in Myanmar, who have faced a series of crimes by the Myanmar army and government. Based on the norms and regulations of international and customary international law and the principles of international Criminal law and considering the incidents that occurred against the religious minority group of Rohingya Muslims, the continuous violation of human rights and the occurrence of the crime of genocide by the Myanmar government are a matter of fact. There are numerous examples of deliberate actions, which prove the governmental steps to eliminate the Rohingya group, and deliberate measures, which cause the international responsibility of the Myanmar government. Iran has raised three specific positions regarding the Rohingya Muslim crisis.The major question of the research is to evaluate the occurrence or non-occurrence of violations of international Criminal law, the crimes of genocide, and crimes against humanity by the Myanmar army and government against the Muslim minority in Rakhine state.The hypothesis emphasizes the definite occurrence of violations of humanitarian law and international Criminal law, especially committing crimes of genocide and crimes against humanity. The purpose of the research is to examine one of the important cases of violation of Muslim rights in today's world, which has not been noticed by international legal societies. It tries to discuss briefly the Iranian positions on the Issue. The analytical-descriptive research method is based on official docs and undeniable facts, especially the documents issued by the International Criminal Court.